A Democracia à Meia-Luz

Uma Crítica ao Liberalismo Constitucional de John Rawls & Jürgen Habermas

Autores

  • Daniel Barcelos Vargas FGV Direito Rio

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30899/dfj.v13i40.649

Palavras-chave:

Democracia; constituição; legitimidade; transparência; judiciário

Resumo

O artigo diagnostica um problema central no projeto democrático-liberal vigente: o déficit de transparência. Para isso, avança uma crítica interna ao projeto de dois dos mais influentes teóricos do liberalismo em nosso tempo: John Rawls e Jürgen Habermas. A legitimidade da democracia, para ambos os autores, exige a transparência do regime. Contra Rawls, o artigo argumenta que o déficit de transparência é revelado por um limite institucional: o judiciário é peça-chave para assegurar o compromisso democrático, mas é limitado para assegurar a efetivação de direitos. Contra Habermas, o artigo argumenta que a transparência é apenas um qualificativo vago na democracia do autor, desconectado da ação concreta das instituições. Rawls subscreve a uma opacidade estratégica, enquanto Habermas, à transparência vazia. O resultado, nos dois casos, é uma “democracia à meia-luz”, capaz de iluminar os problemas mais simples da sociedade, mas incapaz de jogar luz sobre os desafios profundos. Para atacar problemas mais graves, o artigo sustenta a necessidade de rever o projeto democrático-liberal, para capacitá-lo a promover mudanças das estruturas que dão forma à política e à economia vigentes.

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Publicado

2020-03-17

Como Citar

Vargas, D. B. (2020). A Democracia à Meia-Luz: Uma Crítica ao Liberalismo Constitucional de John Rawls & Jürgen Habermas. Revista Brasileira De Direitos Fundamentais & Justiça, 13(40), 115–143. https://doi.org/10.30899/dfj.v13i40.649